1. allophone of /n/
2. allophone of /tɕ/
3. allophone of /dʑ/
4. allophone of /s/
5. allophone of /ç/
6. allophone of /j/
7. allophone of /ɸʷ/
8. allophone of /ɦ/
9. allophone of /ɾ/

1. allophone of /ʌ/

As its name suggests, /vnug/ language is the native language of the majority of people in /vnug/. Linguistically, the language is closely related to the language of Mujigae, with the two languages sharing a common ancestor believed to be spoken by ancient /kr/ people. Because of their similarities, they are sometimes considered mutually intelligible, thus making the /vnug/ language a dialect of the Mujigae language, although this interpretation remains controversial and is often rejected by /vnug/ due to its possible political connotation.

Vowels

Conventionally, /vnug/ language has nine vowels, although up to twelve vowels are observed in some dialects. All vowels are short by default, although long vowels occasionally exist, usually as a result of consonantal elision, affixation, or formation of compound words or.

Like Mujigae language, /vnug/ language exhibits vowel harmony. It is considered a tongue root harmony system, where the vowel of the root transforms the other vowels of the word to ones with matching tongue root state:

Among them, [ɘ], [ɪ], and [ʊ] are not considered separate vowels in standard /vnug/, and are instead considered allophones of [ə], [i], and [u] respectively. However, they are still present in some dialects and magical chants where precision is highly valued.

Consonants

Conventionally, /vnug/ language has 18 consonants, one less than its Mujigae counterpart, although more allophones are observed in many dialects.

Compared with Mujigae language, /vnug/ language allows for the formation of consonant clusters in both native words and loanwords. As a result of the preserved consonant clusters, /vnug/ language does not feature tense consonants that the Mujigae language is known for.

Similar to its vowels, /vnug/ language exhibits some degree of consonant harmony. It is a form of coronal harmony where the place of articulation of the last coronal consonant determines that of other consonants in the word:

Unlike vowels, consonant harmony is not marked in /vnug/ writing system, but is sometimes transcribed in other writing systems.

Vocabulary

The majority of /vnug/ vocabulary is made up of native words originating from the proto-/kr/ language. Due to its remote location and relative lack of contact from the outside world during its formative years, /vnug/ language is not as influenced by the rest of the Niji continent, as reflected by a relative lack of Yamago loanwords in its early lexicon. Instead, the main source of loanwords in /vnug/ comes from the refugees from the north. However, scholars have observed similarities between multiple words between early /vnug/ language and Tsukigo despite the relative lack of contact, leading to some hypothesizing that proto-/kr/ and Tsukigo share a distant common ancestor or were once in close contact.