anya-petra notes
Food
Thats a vague question, difficult to determine what exactly you are looking for so ill just give you a shotgun answer and hope its helpful.
By far the largest produced crop is barley, followed by oats, potato, wheat, and sugar beet in that order. Hemp, rapeseed, carrots, cucumber, rye, and tomato are also grown in significant amounts. The spice caraway also grows quite well, as we produce about 28% of the global supply.
I know a person who grows wine grapes, but I don't know the exact details of how plausible this would be in vitubia, and to be honest the grapes weren't that good, but that might just be that particular person's crop being shit that year, idk.
Majority of agricultural production lies between the 60th and 65th parallels.
Subarctic agriculture has a few advantages over subtropical and tropical agriculture. Like the fact that in the summer you get absurdly long daylight hours, meaning that plants get a lot of sunlight, even if that sunlight is less intense than near the equator. I don't know if the added hours make up for the more diluted sunlight intensity, and I don't want to calculate it right now.
Please don't neglect the berry and mushroom production potential of northern /who/! There are a bunch of very nice and interesting berries you could have growing in economically significant numbers in the wild!
Potato specifically is usually planted in May, when the soil temperature reaches around 8 degrees celsius. Some cultivars, the "Early-potatoes" (varhaisperunat, I don't know if there is an English term for them) may be planted earlier, in April or even March if the weather allows for it.These cultivars are ones with relatively low ATU requirements for growth and maturity. The early-potatoes are harvested my the end of May or mid-June. Normal potatoes are harvested late September or early October. I suppose technically, if the winter is mild, you can get two potato harvests this way, although the early-potatoes are usually quite small, and are sold as new potatoes. Incredibly tasty, so you can ask higher prices for them.
Potatoes meant for over-winter storage have the stems of their plants cut off a few weeks before they are harvested, as this helps make their skin thicker and thus helps with how long they last. Ideal potato storage temperature is about 4-5 degrees C. Higher than this and your potatoes may begin to sprout, lower than this and the starch in your potatoes begins to break down into sugars.
Depending on how deep you want to go into this, this wiki page lists the potato cultivars grown here in alphabetical order https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luettelo_Suomen_perunalajikkeista
Keys to reading
Cultivar, Type, Harvest time/"Earliness", Breeder, Crossbred cultivars.
Type
Cant believe the English wiki doesn't have potato cultivars listed by the type. Barbarians all of them.
"kiinteämaltoinen" = Low Starch, keeps their shape well when boiled. Can be cut into neat cubes that keep their shapes even after boiling, good for salads and stuff.
"jauhoinen kiinteämaltoinen" = Starch levels something in-between "kiinteämaltoinen" and "yleisperuna".
"yleisperunat" = Common potatoes. They are about average, the jack of all trades of potatoes. Can be used for nearly anything I suppose.
"jauhoiset yleisperunat" = Starch levels something in-between "yleisperuna" and "jauhoinen". Good for frying.
"jauhoinen" = High levels of starch. Become very soft when cooked, making them good for mashed potatoes and baked potatoes.
"tärkkelysperuna" = High levels of starch. Used mostly for food and chemical industrial purposes.
Earliness
Basically, how fast the plant grows. The difference between a the higher earliness ones and the lower earliness ones is about 4 to 6 weeks, or about 1 to 1.5 months.
"aikainen"
Descriptor meaning "early"
"varhaisperuna". Harvest in May and June.
"kesäperuna". Summer potatoes. Harvest in June and July.
"syysperuna". Autumn potatoes. Harvest in July and August, I presume. Couldn't actually find anything that told me.
"talviperuna". Winter potatoes. Harvest in September and October, I presume. Couldn't actually find anything that told me.These are the potatoes you'd store to last you over the winter.
keskiaikainen, myöhäinen
"Middle-time", "late". I suppose these mean the equivalent of "syysperuna" and "talviperuna" respectively.
Petra:
A city can be as small as you want (within reasonable limits - a hamlet with dozens of people probably can't be called a city), really. Beauty is in the eyes of beholder, after all. Alternatively, what I said is only applicable to a world 100% like real life, which this world isn't, so you can always mitigate the issue by having alternative food source - large and nutritious sea beasts that might be able to feed entire cities for weeks if you manage to hunt it, or some kind of large beasts that roams the tundra (reindeer is the closest RL equivalent), even some kind of cotton grass-like plants that managed to thrive during the short summer and forms a major source of food/material. The list goes on.
Dual Monarchy of Pingviinilä-Wælseaxna
This.
Since we're in a fantasy world, you can have extreme plants and animals
Trees that suck up Petra chuubanite becoming almost resilient to extreme winters.
Instead of just reindeers, you have woolly mammoths and giant ptarmigans (pic related) can be bred for poultry
Pengins with 4 wings instead of 2
Etc
it literally translates to "Penguin Land", so if a reference to penguins is what you want then yeah, that works.
In the same vein would be "Pingviinilä" for "a place or area of/with penguins"
You can also use the ending "-valta" in country or kingdom names. I dont really know how to translate that to English though, the closest would be the word "reich" in how it is used in German, sort of. I really dont know how to weave that to work with "pingviini" in a way that sounds good though. "Pingviini" as a word is a bit tricky to work with, I blame it being a loanword for this. "Pingviineinvalta" for "Penguin's Reich/Kingdom/State/Nation" could work but to me it sounds like its referring to "a penguin's power" instead.
Using "-valta" could work way better for the subdivisions of the kingdom though, as I assume you want to keep the penguin reference in the name?
I was doing some further reading on some of the more obscure entities of the Finnish mythology and found something a bit funny to me.
"Ajatar" is an evil female spirit in finnish mythology who lives in the forests of the far north. She is known for leading hunters and travelers of the forest astray, and she is the master of Lempo, who is a fiend and a god of love and fertility.
Lempo itself is described as being erratic, capricious, and dangerous, as love tends to be. There are also some mentions of her (Ajatar) being the master of (some) gnomes (as in, Tontut or tomtenisse or some form of goblins or earth spirits, its hard to decipher which is meant here as at least in Finnish mythology those creatures get conflated with each other)
Ajatar is described as having "hair-plait (that) reached to her heels and breasts (that) hung down to her knees". She is closely associated with snakes and serpents and is often depicted as a half-serpent-half woman figure, or a dragon, at least in her modern depictions.
I've found some mentions of her also nursing snakes, but these are dubious sources at best. I will believe, however, because it makes this coincidence funnier.
The name "Ajatar" is possibly derived from "Ajattaa" (to pursue) or "Aika" (time), with the suffix "-tar" added to imply femininity, to mean "female pursuer" or "female (who is associated with, or holds the qualities of) time".